THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
Telegrams “AFYA”
Tel: 255-51-20261 General
(All letters should be addressed to
The Permanent Secretary)
P.O. Box 9083,
DAR ES SALAAM.
Tanzania
DENGUE FEVER
Standard case definition (SCD)
Dengue Febrile Illness
Suspected case definition:
An acute febrile illness of 2-7 days duration with 2 or more of the
following:
o Headache
o Retro-orbital pain
o Myalgia
o Arthralgia
o Leucopenia
o Haemorrhagic manifestations like positive tourniquet test, petechiae; purpura/ecchymosis; epistaxis; gum bleeding; blood in vomitus, urine, or stool; or vaginal bleeding) but not meeting the case definition of dengue hemorrhagic fever
Probable case - A case compatible with clinical description and with one or more of the following:
o Supportive serology (comparable IgG EIA titre or positive IgM antibody test on a single acute (preferably after 5 days) or convalescent-phase serum specimen.
o Epidemiologically linked with a confirmed case of dengue fever (occurrence at the same location and time as other confirmed cases of dengue fever)
Confirmed case
o Isolation of dengue virus from blood or tissue samples
o Demonstration of a four-fold rise in dengue specific antibody titres in paired serum samples
o Demonstration of dengue virus antigen in serum or tissue samples
o Detection of viral RNA in blood or tissue samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
A probable or confirmed case of dengue with the following signs:
o Haemorrhagic tendencies evidenced by one or more of the following
o Positivetourniquet test
o Petechiae,ecchymoses or purpura
o Bleeding from mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, injection sites etc
o Haematemesis or melaena
o thrombocytopenia (100,000 platelets or less per mm3)
And evidence of plasma leakage due to increased vascular permeability, manifested by one or more of the following:
• 20% rise in average haematocrit for age and sex
• 20% drop in haematocrit following volume
• replacement treatment compared to baseline
• Signs of plasma leakage (pleural effusion, ascites, and hypoproteinaemia
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
Clinical Description for Surveillance: DSS has all of criteria for DHF plus circulatory failure as evidenced by:
o Rapid and weak pulse and narrow pulse pressure (<20mm hg="">
OR
o Age-specific hypotension and cold, clammy skin and restlessness
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